Passenger train service once connected nine of New Mexico's present ten most populous cities (the exception is Rio Rancho), while today passenger train service connects two: Albuquerque and Santa Fe. The Anglo minority was "outnumbered, but well-organized and growing". New Mexico's members of the United States Senate are Democrats Martin Heinrich and Ben Ray Luján. The plan anticipated limited future growth, considered the scarcity of water, and recognized the future prospects of suburban development on the outskirts. It uses numerous Native American words for local features and includes anglicized words that express American concepts and modern inventions. However, many contemporary houses in the city are built from lumber, concrete blocks, and other common building materials, but with stucco surfaces (sometimes referred to as "faux-dobe", pronounced as one word: "foe-dough-bee") reflecting the historic style. The highway traffic fatality rate was 1.9 fatalities per million miles traveled in 2000, the 13th highest rate among U.S. On March 18, 2009, then Governor Bill Richardson signed the law abolishing the death penalty in New Mexico following the assembly and senate vote the week before, thus becoming the 15th U.S. state to abolish the penalty.[162]. The river had a year-round flow until the 1700s. Museums. The executive branch of government is fragmented as outlined in the state constitution. Follow. No major league professional sports teams are based in New Mexico, but the Albuquerque Isotopes are a Pacific Coast League Triple-A baseball affiliate of the MLB Colorado Rockies. The city's status as the capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was formalized in the 1824 Constitution after Mexico achieved independence from Spain. The barriers were erected following the Jan. 6 … Santa Fe's daily newspaper is the Santa Fe New Mexican and each Friday, it publishes Pasatiempo, its long-running calendar and commentary on arts and events. In 1912, New Mexico was admitted as the United States of America's 47th state, with Santa Fe as its capital. [27][28], New Mexico has five unique floristic zones, providing diverse sets of habitats for many plants and animals. Area: 121,589 sq mi (315,194 sq km). The economy of New Mexico is dependent on oil drilling, mineral extraction, dryland farming, cattle ranching, acequia and landrace agriculture, lumber milling, retail trade, scientific research laboratories, technological development, as well as the arts, especially textiles and visual arts. New Mexico's strong Spanish, Native American, and Wild West frontier motifs have provided material for many authors in the state, including internationally recognized Rudolfo Anaya and Tony Hillerman. Before statehood, the name "New Mexico" applied to various configurations of a former U.S. New Mexico Territory and, even prior to its former Mexican territorial status, a former provincial kingdom of New Spain called Nuevo México, all in the same general area, but of varying extensions. [9][10] After Mexican independence in 1821, New Mexico became a Mexican territory with considerable autonomy. New Mexico holds strong to its Spanish heritage. This autonomy was threatened, however, by the centralizing tendencies of the Mexican government from the 1830s onward, with rising tensions eventually leading to the Revolt of 1837. The city was founded in 1610 as the capital of Nuevo México, after it replaced Española as capital, which makes it the oldest state capital in the United States. In the 2005 tax year, the average millage was about 26.47 for residential property, and 29.80 for non-residential property. In 1861, the Confederacy claimed the southern tract as its own Arizona Territory and waged the ambitious New Mexico Campaign in an attempt to control the American Southwest and open up access to Union California. New Mexico’s five food banks and the hundreds of food pantries around the state are in desperate need of healthy volunteers to help with sorting, packing and distributing food. Additionally, New Mexico is a "shall-issue" state for concealed carry permits. A study in contrasts: Texas and New Mexico share a general location on the map--both being in the conditions in their commercial real estate markets could not be further apart. How you can escape the conclusion that makes a requirement with respect to an Indian as a qualification to exercise the elective franchise and does not make that requirement with respect to the member of any race is beyond me.[49]. [143]:115 The streamliner Super Chief, a favorite of early Hollywood stars, was one of the most famous named trains in the United States and one of the most esteemed for its luxury and exoticness—train cars were named for regional Native American tribes and outfitted with the artwork of many local artists—but also for its speed: as few as 39 hours 45 minutes westbound.[142]. Juan de Oñate was banished and exiled from New Mexico by the Spanish, after his rule was deemed cruel towards the indigenous population. They are the poorest looking people I ever saw. Larger cities in New Mexico typically have some form of public transportation by road; ABQ RIDE is the largest such system in the state. [44] It is governed by a mayor-council system. [16] As of 2007[update], the river was recognized as the most endangered river in the United States, according to the conservation group American Rivers.[17]. Due to its large area and economic climate, New Mexico has a large U.S. military presence marked notably with the White Sands Missile Range. The Southern Pacific Railroad entered the territory from the Territory of Arizona in 1880. [45] Other post offices in the Santa Fe city limits include Coronado,[46] De Vargas Mall,[47] and Santa Fe Place Mall. [152] Virgin Galactic, a space tourism company, plans to make this their primary operating base. [116] As of 2007, active-duty military salaries are exempt from state income tax. [41][42][36] After the death of the Pueblo leader Popé, Diego de Vargas restored the area to Spanish rule. As part of the New Mexico Campaign of the Civil War, General Henry Sibley occupied the city, flying the Confederate flag over Santa Fe for a few days in March 1862. As of the census[70] of 2000, there were 62,203 people, 27,569 households, and 14,969 families living in the city. The capital city of New Mexico is the city of Santa Fe. Democrats in the state are usually strongest in the Santa Fe Area, various areas of the Albuquerque Metro Area (such as the southeast and central areas, including the affluent Nob Hill neighborhood and the vicinity of the University of New Mexico), Northern and West Central New Mexico, and most of the Native American reservations, particularly the Navajo Nation. Many were narrow and included small alley-ways, but each gradually merged into the more casual byways of the agricultural perimeter areas. Texas's only attempt to establish a presence or control in the claimed territory was the failed Texan Santa Fe Expedition. Mescalero and Jicarilla Apache are closely related Southern Athabaskan languages, and both are also related to Navajo. The biennials are on par with such renowned exhibitions as the Whitney Biennial and the Venice Biennale. Santa Fe's ski area, Ski Santa Fe, is about 16 mi (26 km) north of the city. [121] As of July 1, 2013 the combined tax rate ranged from 5.125% to 8.6875%. Currently, both chambers of the New Mexico State Legislature have Democratic majorities. According to the Köppen climate classification, depending on which variant of the system is used, the city has either a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb), unusual but not uncommon at 35°N. 2008. State tax policy results in low to moderate taxation of resident personal income compared to most U.S. states, with special consideration for military personnel, and gives tax credits and exemptions to favorable industries. The sources for this style came from the many defining features of local architecture: vigas (rough, exposed beams that extrude through supporting walls, and are thus visible outside as well as inside the building) and canales (rain spouts cut into short parapet walls around flat roofs), features borrowed from many old adobe homes and churches built many years before and found in the Pueblos, along with the earth-toned look (reproduced in stucco) of the old adobe exteriors. [30] In February 1943, these civilian detainees were transferred to DOJ custody. Santa Fe is the terminus of three National Historic Trails: El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail, the Old Spanish National Historic Trail, and the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. The New Mexico Rail Runner Express is a commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost part of the Rocky Mountains, run roughly north–south along the east side of the Rio Grande in the rugged, pastoral north. Canyon Road, east of the Plaza, has the highest concentration of art galleries in the city, and is a major destination for international collectors, tourists and locals. Known as the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, the force was poorly prepared and was easily captured by the New Mexican military. A large artistic community thrives in Santa Fe, and has included such people as Bruce Nauman, Richard Tuttle, John Connell and Steina Vasulka. [133] The system runs from Belen to downtown Santa Fe. New Mexico is one of eight states that fund college scholarships through the state lottery. Rural and intercity public transportation by road is provided by Americanos USA, LLC, Greyhound Lines and several government operators. The New Mexico State Capitol, located in Santa Fe at 490 Old Santa Fe Trail, is the house of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico. [12], The standard Spanish pronunciation of the city's name is SAHN-tah-FAY, as contextualized within the city's full Spanish name La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís. Because of this, its film industry has grown and contributed $1.23 billion to its overall economy. This city is situated in the foothills of Sangre de Cristo. The population density was 1,666.1 people per square mile (643.4/km2). When the area was still under Spanish rule, the Chouteau brothers of Saint Louis gained a monopoly on the fur trade, before the United States acquired Missouri under the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. [29] By September, the internees had been transferred to other facilities—523 to War Relocation Authority concentration camps in the interior of the West, and 302 to Army internment camps. [89] According to a 2008 survey by the Pew Research Center, the most common self-reported religious affiliation of New Mexico residents are mentioned in reference. They speak New Mexican Spanish or English at home. No less than six daily long-distance roundtrip trains supplemented by many branch line and local trains served New Mexico in the early 1960s. Such facilities have helped tribes close to population centers to generate revenues for reinvestment in economic development and welfare of their peoples. Other constitutional officers, all of whose terms also expire in January 2023, include Secretary of State Maggie Toulouse Oliver (D),[155] Attorney General Hector Balderas (D),[156] State Auditor Brian Colón (D),[157] State Land Commissioner Stephanie Garcia Richard (D),[158] and State Treasurer Tim Eichenberg (D).[159]. Non-Hispanic Whites were 46.2% of the population.[69]. Colonel Alexander William Doniphan, under the command of Kearny, recovered ammunition from Santa Fe labeled "Spain 1776" showing both the lack of communications and quality military support New Mexico received under Mexican rule.[19]. On New Mexico's flag we see a red sun with rays streching out from it. [11] Formal Spanish settlements were developed leading the colonial governor Pedro de Peralta to rename the area La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís (the Royal Town of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi). Numerous authors followed the influx of specialists in the visual arts. The Santa Fe National Cemetery was created by the federal government after the war in 1870 to inter the Union soldiers who died fighting there. The Midwest Refining Company's Hobbs well-produced oil until 2002. The New Mexico Style were an American Basketball Association franchise founded in 2005, but reformed in Texas for the 2007–8 season as the El Paso S'ol (which folded without playing an ABA game in their new city). With the rise of rail transportation many settlements grew or were founded and the territory became a tourist destination. He began the Santa Fe Fiesta in 1919 and the Southwest Indian Fair in 1922 (now known as the Indian Market). Today, New Mexico's Interstate Highways approximate the earlier land routes of the Camino Real, the Santa Fe Trail and the transcontinental railroads. Native New Mexican languages include Mescalero Apache, Jicarilla Apache, Tewa, Southern Tiwa, Northern Tiwa, Towa, Keres (Eastern and Western), and Zuni. According to New Mexico law, governors have a Jan. 5 deadline to submit their budget recommendations, which includes “all expenditures for capital projects to be undertaken and executed.” Lujan Grisham submitted her spending plan on time for the main part of the budget but not, legislators say, all the capital outlay projects. [95] As of April 2012[update], the state's unemployment rate was 7.2%. [36]:19 Later inhabitants include American Indians of the Mogollon and Ancestral Pueblo peoples cultures. According to … [127] As a territory, the Gadsden Purchase increased New Mexico's land area for the purpose of the constructing a southern transcontinental railroad, that of the Southern Pacific Railroad. This rate was higher than any other state in the Union. They settled in the state's northern portion. In the late 19th century, the majority of officially European-descended residents in New Mexico were ethnic Mexicans, many of whom had deep roots in the area from early Spanish colonial times. [148] The Sunset Limited is the successor to the Southern Pacific Railroad's train of the same name and operates exclusively on Union Pacific trackage in New Mexico. [37]:68–75 While developing Santa Fe as a trade center, the returning settlers founded Albuquerque in 1706 from existing surrounding communities,[37]:84 naming it for the viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque.[43]. In terms of population, it is the 36th most populous state. states. The Duke City Gladiators of the Indoor Football League (IFL) plays their home games at Tingley Coliseum in Albuquerque. They play their home games at Fort Marcy Park. [136]:110 No fewer than 100 railroads of various names and lineage have operated in the jurisdiction at some point. The barriers were erected following the Jan. 6 riot in Washington, D.C., after safety concerns for the upcoming legislative session. This is also the time of the annual Fiestas de Santa Fe, celebrating the "reconquering" of Santa Fe by Don Diego de Vargas, a highlight of which is the burning Zozobra ("Old Man Gloom"), a 50-foot (15 m) marionette. [20] During the summer, daytime temperatures can often exceed 100 °F (38 °C) at elevations below 5,000 feet (1,500 m), the average high temperature in July ranges from 99 °F (37 °C) at the lower elevations down to 78 °F (26 °C) at the higher elevations. and other "troublemakers" from the Tule Lake Segregation Center. Among the 50 states of America, New Mexico is the 5th largest in size. Men born in America who had never identified with the emperor were insulted, especially as they were being asked to enroll in the armed forces while their Japanese-born parents were interned in camps. Interstate 25 is a major north–south interstate highway starting from Las Cruces to the Colorado stateline near Raton. All reviews art collection governor's office new mexico house and senate chambers information desk four floors beautiful building excellent art free tour guided tour local artists legislature capital session government senator dome hallway symbol sculptures visitors politics As early as 1878, the ATSF promoted tourism in the region with emphasis on Native American imagery. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 44.5% of the population. The Rio Grande is tied for the fourth-longest river in the United States. The pre-Columbian trade with Mesoamerican cultures included northbound exotic birds, seashells and copper. The town's name originally had an accent on "Fé", but it is no longer needed in Spanish due to a spelling reform which removed it because there was no other word "fe" that it would have clashed with (as with "ti"). When the Louisiana Territory was admitted as a state in 1812, the U.S. reclassified it as part of the Missouri Territory. It wanted to control lands needed for the right-of-way to encourage construction of a transcontinental railroad. The service now connects Santa Fe, Sandoval, Bernalillo, and Valencia counties. New Mexico imposes a weight-distance tax on owners, operators, and registrants of intra and interstate commercial vehicles with a declared gross vehicle weight in excess of 26,000 pounds. Albuquerque has the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, the National Hispanic Cultural Center, and the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History, as well as hosts the famed annual Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta every fall. [97], New Mexico is the third-largest crude oil and ninth-largest natural gas producer in the United States. Present-day New Mexico's pre-Columbian trade is especially remarkable for being undertaken on foot. About 9.5% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. Santa Fe has many museums located near the downtown Plaza: Several other museums are located in the area known as Museum Hill:[58]. New Mexico's latitude and low passes made it an attractive east–west transportation corridor. New Mexico received its name long before the present-day nation of Mexico won independence from Spain and adopted that name in 1821. Neither was sufficient to offset the negative effects of Santa Fe's having been bypassed by the main railroad route. [136]:8 New Mexico's rail transportation system reached its height in terms of length following admission as a state; in 1914 eleven railroads operated 3124 route miles. New Mexico is also bordered by the state of Texas to the east-southeast, Oklahoma to the northeast, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua to the south and Sonora to the southwest. ENM NEWS. Additionally, more than 8,000 men from New Mexico Territory served in the Union Army.[46]. Mexican-American) population. The 37°N parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.90. The per capita income for the city was $25,454. Largest Ancestries for the United States, Regions, States, and for Puerto Rico: 2000", "MLA Language Map Data Center: Most spoken languages in New Mexico", "The Spanish language in New Mexico and southern Colorado", "New Mexico first state to adopt Navajo textbook", "Religion in America: U.S. 1 of 4 Fencing blocks the entrance to an New Mexico State capitol building on Wednesday, Jan. 13, 2021, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Whittington Center Shooting Range in New Mexico Caters to All in the Middle of Nowhere", Bureau of Business and Economic Research (BBER), New Mexico State Guide from the Library of Congress, Energy Profile for New Mexico: economic, environmental, and energy data, Flora of the Gila National Forest in New Mexico, List of National Natural Landmarks in New Mexico, Spanish involvement in the American Revolutionary War, Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador), Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua), Indigenous people during De Soto's travels, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Mexico&oldid=1000399191, States and territories established in 1912, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from June 2012, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles with disputed statements from February 2017, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2009, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2000, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Organ Mountains—Desert Peaks National Monument near Las Cruces. As of 2001[update], 703 highway bridges, or one percent, were declared "structurally deficient" or "structurally obsolete".[132]. By an ordinance passed in 1957, new and rebuilt buildings, especially those in designated historic districts, must exhibit a Spanish Territorial or Pueblo style of architecture, with flat roofs and other features suggestive of the area's traditional adobe construction. In May 2012 Santa Fe became the home of the Santa Fe Fuego of the Pecos League of Professional Baseball Clubs. Launched in 1995 to organize the only international biennial of contemporary art in the United States, SITE Santa Fe has drawn global attention. Accent mark in official Santa Fe seal in wrong spot, "Santa Fe Tops 2007 List of Most Endangered Rivers", "Santa Fe Southern Railway, Santa Fe, NM", "Department of Justice Internment Camps: Santa Fe, New Mexico", "Interactive United States Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map", "Updated Köppen-Geiger climate map of the world", https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?nm8085, "Cultivating Santa Fe's Future Economy: Target Industry Report", "Post Office Location – Santa Fe Place Mall", "Santa Fe, United States UNESCO City of Design, Crafts and Folk Art", "How George RR Martin is helping stem Santa Fe's youth exodus", "Is This Art Space Backed by 'Game of Thrones' Author George R. R. Martin a Force of Good or Evil? [13][14] However, due to the large amounts of tourism and immigration into Santa Fe, an English pronunciation of SAN-tuh-FAY is also commonly used.[13]. It ranks fifth among the states in terms of total area and is bounded by Colorado to the north, Oklahoma and Texas to the east, Texas and Mexico to the south, and Arizona to the west. The barriers were erected following the Jan. 6 … During World War II, the federal government ordered a Japanese American internment camp to be established. [1], The New Mexican landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government designated Santa Fe as the capital of the Mexican province of Nuevo Mexico, and … It was forced by the US government to drop these claims, in the Compromise of 1850, Texas ceded these claims to the United States of the area in New Mexico lying east of the Rio Grande, in exchange for $10 million from the federal government.[37]:135. The western border with Arizona runs along the 109° 03'W longitude. Santa Fe. US 666, The Devils Highway, was replaced by US 491 in 2003 because the number "666" is the "Number of the Beast". [37]:132 The United States vowed to accept the residents' claims to their lands and to accept them as full citizens with rights of suffrage. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. Turquoise, pottery, and salt were some of the goods transported south along the Rio Grande. New Mexico is currently the second most dependent tax dollar state.[109]. US 66, The Mother Road, was replaced by I-40 in 1985. [54] Both residents and businesses moved to the state; some northerners came at first for the mild winters; others for retirement. [139] Phase II of Rail Runner extended the line northward to Santa Fe from the Sandoval County station, the northernmost station under Phase I service. Santa Fe is the seat of the Santa Fe County, and Javier Gonzales is the mayor. [10][11] In 1610, Juan de Oñate established the area as Santa Fe de Nuevo México–a province of New Spain. Founded by Spanish colonists in 1610, Santa Fe is the oldest state capital city in the United States. The New Mexico Tourism Department estimates that in Fiscal Year 2006, the travel industry in New Mexico generated expenditures of $6.5 billion. Capital City of New Mexico USA. Interstate 40 is a major east–west interstate highway starting from the Arizona stateline west of Gallup to the Texas stateline east from Tucumcari. [133] The BNSF Railway's entire line from Belen to Raton, New Mexico was sold to the state, partially for the construction of phase II of this operation, which opened in December 2008. PDF. The Santa Fe site was used next to hold German and Italian nationals, who were considered enemy aliens after the outbreak of war. Anton Docher. In 2010, New Mexico's gross domestic product was $80 billion, and an estimated $85 billion for 2013. The winner of the NMSU-UTEP football game receives the Silver Spade trophy. They contributed to the founding of the annual Santa Fe Indian Market. [60], As of 2000, 8% of the residents of the state were foreign-born.[60]. It is usually regarded as one of eight States that fund college through! District to downtown Santa Fe is the capital city in New Mexico 's members of the Territory the... Homesteader there in 1907 [ 45 ] it was known by the,. Of Gallup to the Super Chief and El Capitan to sell a bundle of grass worth a! Seashells and copper the Gila Wilderness in the Union, it applies to services as well movies... Movies filmed in New Mexico Territory rate ranged from 5.125 % to 8.6875 % Lakes Airlines offered... Are exempt from state income tax few rails with trails ranks near the bottom in of... Third-Largest crude oil and gas production, tourism, and several other figures! Economic signs that Santa Fe Trail was the failed Texan Santa Fe and Denver value of property is subject! 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